Highly effective prevention drug arrives in South Africa, which has world’s highest HIV burden

June 9, 2026 - 13:12

South Africa has begun distributing lenacapavir, a new injectable drug that provides six months of protection against HIV. President Cyril Ramaphosa called the arrival of the medication a major turning point for a nation that carries the world's heaviest HIV burden. Unlike daily pills or other prevention methods, lenacapavir requires only two injections per year, which could dramatically improve adherence and reduce new infections.

The drug, developed by Gilead Sciences, has shown high efficacy in clinical trials. It works by blocking the HIV virus from replicating inside the body. South Africa's health authorities have prioritized its rollout in high-risk communities, where access to consistent prevention has been a challenge. The country currently has an estimated 7.8 million people living with HIV, and tens of thousands of new cases are reported each year.

Public health experts have welcomed the move but caution that distribution logistics, cost, and patient education will be critical. The government has negotiated a reduced price for the public sector, though the drug remains expensive compared to older options. Still, officials believe that the convenience of a twice-yearly shot could help turn the tide against the epidemic, especially among young women and key populations who face the highest infection rates.